The arteria carotis interna, also known as the internal carotid artery, is one of the major blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the head and brain. This artery is part of the carotid artery system and is situated bilaterally on either side of the neck. The arteria carotis interna arises from the common carotid artery, extending upwards and dividing into various branches within the skull.
The primary function of the arteria carotis interna is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the brain, enabling its proper functioning. It plays a crucial role in ensuring a continuous blood supply to the brain, which is vital for its metabolic needs. This artery is responsible for delivering approximately 80% of the total blood flow to the brain.
The arteria carotis interna is an essential component of the cerebral circulation, working in conjunction with other major blood vessels like the vertebral arteries and the arteria carotis externa. It forms an intricate network of blood vessels within the brain, supplying various regions such as the cerebrum, diencephalon, and optic nerve.
Pathological conditions affecting the arteria carotis interna can lead to severe complications. These conditions may include atherosclerosis, where plaque buildup narrows the artery, potentially obstructing blood flow. In extreme cases, complete blockage of the artery can cause a stroke, leading to neurological deficits or even death.
Given its vital role in cerebral circulation, understanding the arteria carotis interna and its function is crucial for medical professionals when diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the brain and head.
