Avian Erythroblastosis Viruses (AEV) refers to a group of retroviruses that primarily affect birds, specifically chicken and turkeys, causing a condition known as erythroblastosis. AEV belongs to the Oncovirinae subfamily of the Retroviridae family and is commonly classified within the genus Alpharetrovirus. These viruses possess RNA genomes that are reverse transcribed into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Avian Erythroblastosis Viruses are primarily transmitted horizontally through viral shedding in the feces and other bodily secretions of infected birds. Infection can also occur vertically from an infected laying hen to its offspring through the egg. AEV primarily targets the erythroblasts, which are the immature red blood cells in the bone marrow and spleen, leading to various lesions and diseases associated with the destruction and abnormal production of red blood cells.
The hallmark of avian erythroblastosis caused by these viruses is the development of anemia, characterized by a reduced number of functional red blood cells circulating in the bloodstream. Affected birds may exhibit symptoms such as pale mucous membranes, weakness, decreased egg production, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. In severe cases, erythroblastosis can be fatal.
AEV has been extensively studied due to its oncogenic potential. Certain strains of AEV are capable of inducing the development of erythroblastosis-associated tumors, known as erythroleukosis or erythroblastosis-associated leukosis. These tumors often occur in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs, compromising their normal function.
Control and prevention of avian erythroblastosis viruses involve strict biosecurity measures to prevent viral spread, appropriate vaccination programs, and management practices aimed at reducing viral transmission
