Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, also known as tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis or scrofula tuberculosis, is a specific form of tuberculosis infection that predominantly affects the lymph nodes in the neck region. Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis occurs when the bacteria enter the lymph nodes located in the neck area.
The condition usually begins with the inhalation or ingestion of tuberculosis bacteria, which then spread to the lymph nodes in the neck through the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the formation of firm, painless, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, sometimes accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis can be classified into different types based on the nature of lesions within the lymph nodes. These include the caseous type, which is characterized by the formation of caseating granulomas, and the suppurative type, where the lymph nodes become filled with pus.
Diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans, and laboratory analysis of lymph node samples to detect the presence of tuberculosis bacteria.
Treatment for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of antimicrobial medications, typically a combination of multiple antibiotics, to effectively eliminate the tuberculosis bacteria. Surgical intervention may sometimes be necessary to drain abscesses or remove necrotic tissues if they are present.
Overall, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis to prevent further complications and transmission of the infection.
