Cervix cancer, also known as cervical cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the cells lining the cervix, which is the lower part of the womb or uterus that connects to the upper part of the vagina. The cervix plays a crucial role in the reproductive system as it acts as a passageway for sperm to enter the uterus and for menstrual blood and a baby to leave the uterus during childbirth.
Cervix cancer primarily occurs when abnormal cells in the cervix begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. If left untreated, these cancerous cells can invade and spread to nearby tissues and organs, leading to further complications.
The main cause of cervix cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection. Certain strains of HPV can alter normal cervical cells, increasing the risk of developing cancer. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of cervix cancer include smoking, a weakened immune system, multiple sexual partners, early sexual activity, and a family history of the disease.
Typical symptoms of cervix cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly after sexual intercourse, between menstrual periods, or after menopause. Other signs may involve pelvic pain, pain during sexual intercourse, unusual vaginal discharge, or unexplained weight loss.
Regular screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, are essential for early detection of cervix cancer. Treatment options may vary depending on the stage and severity of the cancer and can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
