De Quervain's thyroiditis, also known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the thyroid gland. Named after the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain who first described it, this condition primarily occurs as a result of a viral infection or an autoimmune response.
The condition typically presents with symptoms such as sudden onset of painful swelling in the neck, along with difficulty swallowing and tenderness in the thyroid region. Other symptoms can include fatigue, fever, and general malaise. De Quervain's thyroiditis is more common in women and typically affects individuals between the ages of 30 and 50.
During the acute phase of the condition, the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and tender due to inflammation. This inflammation is often accompanied by the release of excess thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, leading to symptoms of hyperthyroidism. However, as the condition progresses, the thyroid gland may become underactive, causing symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Diagnosis of De Quervain's thyroiditis is typically made by evaluating the patient's symptoms, conducting a physical examination, and measuring levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound may also be used to assess the size and appearance of the thyroid gland.
Treatment for De Quervain's thyroiditis is primarily focused on managing symptoms and providing relief. This may include the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation, as well as beta-blockers to alleviate symptoms of hyperthyroidism. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. Most cases of De Quervain's thyroiditis resolve on their own within a few months, and long-term complications are rare.
