GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION TESTS Meaning and
Definition
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Genetic complementation tests are experimental assays used in genetics to determine whether two different mutations affecting the same trait or function in an organism are located in the same gene (allelic) or in different genes (non-allelic). This test is particularly useful in studying the genetic basis of inherited diseases and identifying the specific genes or genetic mutations that underlie these disorders.
In a genetic complementation test, individuals or organisms harboring different mutations are crossed, producing offspring with a combination of the two mutations. If the resulting progeny exhibit a restored phenotype or function, it indicates that the two mutations are complementing each other. This suggests that the mutations are non-allelic, meaning they affect separate genes involved in the same biological process. On the other hand, if the offspring fail to restore the phenotype, it indicates that the mutations are allelic and affect the same gene.
Genetic complementation tests are mainly employed in genetic research to understand the molecular basis of diseases caused by multiple genes. By determining whether different mutations can complement each other, scientists can identify the specific genes involved and investigate their functions. This information is crucial for developing targeted therapies and designing strategies for genetic screening and diagnosis. Furthermore, these tests provide insights into the mechanisms underlying genetic interactions and how mutations in specific genes contribute to the development of complex traits and diseases.
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