Herpes zoster auricularis, also known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II, is a medical condition characterized by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve, leading to inflammation, rash, and pain. This condition specifically affects the ear and the skin around the ear.
The varicella-zoster virus is the same virus that causes chickenpox in childhood and can remain dormant in the sensory nerve ganglia for many years. When the virus reactivates, typically due to a compromised immune system, it travels along the affected nerve pathway, causing symptoms such as severe earache, facial paralysis, facial drooping, and a red, itchy rash that may appear as blisters on or around the ear.
Herpes zoster auricularis commonly affects older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems. The condition is often accompanied by other symptoms like dizziness, hearing loss, tinnitus, and discomfort in the face and mouth. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications and manage the symptoms effectively.
Treatment for herpes zoster auricularis typically involves antiviral medications to reduce the severity and duration of the outbreak, as well as pain management strategies to alleviate discomfort. In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. Additionally, supportive care, such as lubricating eye drops in case of eye involvement, can be provided to address specific complications associated with the condition.
