Metranemia is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of red blood cells in the maternal circulation during pregnancy. Also known as pregnancy-induced anemia, it is a common hematological disorder that affects a significant number of pregnant women.
The reduction in red blood cell count seen in metranemia arises from various factors, including an increase in plasma volume, hemodilution, and an insufficient compensatory increase in red blood cell production. These changes often lead to a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, a molecule found in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues throughout the body. The low hemoglobin levels observed in metranemia can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
Metranemia can occur at any stage of pregnancy but tends to be more prevalent during the second and third trimesters. Risk factors for developing metranemia include poor nutrition, inadequate iron intake, multiple pregnancies, close pregnancies, and previous history of anemia. Therefore, routine prenatal care often involves screening for anemia and providing iron supplements to prevent or manage metranemia.
Treatment strategies for metranemia typically involve addressing the underlying cause, such as administration of iron supplements or recommending dietary modifications to include iron-rich foods. In severe cases, blood transfusion may be necessary. Adequate management of metranemia is crucial to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health, as well as to minimize the risk of complications during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period.
