Ocular herpes simplex, also known as ocular herpes or herpes keratitis, is a viral infection characterized by the presence of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the eye. HSV is a common virus that can infect various parts of the body, including the eyes, mouth, and genitals.
When HSV infects the eye, it primarily affects the cornea, which is the clear and dome-shaped front portion of the eye. Ocular herpes simplex usually occurs when the virus reactivates from a dormant state in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the brain.
The infection can present in two forms: epithelial keratitis and stromal keratitis. Epithelial keratitis affects the outermost layer of the cornea, causing symptoms such as eye redness, pain, blurred vision, light sensitivity, and tearing. Stromal keratitis involves the deeper layers of the cornea and may lead to scarring, vision loss, and long-term complications.
Ocular herpes simplex can be transmitted through direct contact with an individual who has an active herpes infection or by self-inoculation from another site of infection. It can also be triggered by factors such as stress, ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, trauma to the eye, or a weakened immune system.
Early diagnosis and treatment by an ophthalmologist are essential to prevent complications and reduce the risk of vision impairment. Treatment typically involves antiviral eye drops or ointments to control the viral activity and manage symptoms. Oral antiviral medications may also be prescribed in severe cases.
It is important for individuals with ocular herpes simplex to practice good eye hygiene, avoid touching or rubbing their eyes, and take precautions to prevent the spread of the virus to others.
