Phocid Distemper Virus (PDV) is a highly infectious viral pathogen that primarily affects phocid seals such as harbor seals, grey seals, and ringed seals. This virus belongs to the family Morbillivirus and is closely related to the canine distemper virus (CDV) and measles virus that affect dogs and humans, respectively.
The Phocid Distemper Virus primarily attacks the respiratory and nervous systems of infected seals, leading to severe symptoms such as fever, respiratory distress, ocular and nasal discharge, and neurological abnormalities. These symptoms can be life-threatening and often lead to a high mortality rate among infected seal populations.
PDV is primarily transmitted through inhalation of respiratory secretions, direct contact with infected body fluids, or through contaminated surfaces. It can also spread horizontally within a seal population through close contact and social behaviors. The virus can survive in the environment for a period, contributing to its spread among seal colonies.
Efforts to control the Phocid Distemper Virus involve quarantine and isolation of infected animals, along with the development and administration of a preventive vaccine. Vaccination programs have been implemented in some areas to prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable seal populations.
The Phocid Distemper Virus poses a significant threat to the conservation of seal species, as it can cause significant mortality events particularly in densely populated areas. Monitoring and surveillance programs are essential for early detection and effective management of outbreaks, ensuring the long-term survival of phocid seal populations.
