SIADH, also known as Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion, is a medical condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland or other non-pituitary sources. ADH, also called vasopressin, is a hormone responsible for regulating the balance of water in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys.
In SIADH, the excessive release of ADH leads to inappropriate water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, a condition where the blood sodium levels become abnormally low. This occurs due to the increased reabsorption of water in the kidneys, leading to concentrated urine and excess fluid being retained in the body. SIADH is often associated with conditions such as tumors, particularly lung cancer, head trauma, infections, medications, or central nervous system disorders.
The signs and symptoms of SIADH may include nausea, headache, confusion, seizures, muscle cramps, vomiting, irritability, and in severe cases, it can even lead to coma or death if left untreated. Diagnosis of SIADH involves assessing fluid balance, sodium levels, and ruling out other potential causes of hyponatremia. Treatment usually focuses on managing the underlying cause, restricting fluid intake, and in severe cases, administering medications to increase urine output or block the action of ADH.
Overall, SIADH is a medical condition characterized by excessive production of ADH, resulting in water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications and restore the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.
