Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) are a group of highly contagious and pathogenic viruses characterized by their small size and spherical shape. These viruses belong to the family Caliciviridae, and are known for causing gastroenteritis in humans and animals.
SRSVs typically measure around 25-30 nanometers in diameter, making them one of the smallest known viruses. Their distinctive round shape is a result of their outer protein shell, or capsid, which encapsulates their genetic material. This capsid is composed of repeating protein subunits arranged in an icosahedral symmetry, giving it a symmetrical spherical appearance.
SRSVs primarily infect the gastrointestinal tract, where they attach to specific receptors on the surface of intestinal cells. After entering these cells, the viruses start to replicate and produce large quantities of new viral particles. This replication process leads to the destruction of infected cells, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever.
These viruses are highly contagious, and transmission commonly occurs through the fecal-oral route. This means that SRSVs can be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or close person-to-person contact.
Due to their small size and resistance to common disinfectants, SRSVs can persist in the environment for extended periods, making them difficult to eradicate. Outbreaks of SRSV infections, often associated with contaminated food or water sources, can occur in settings such as schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and cruise ships.
Prevention of SRSV infections primarily involves practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and proper food handling. Vaccines against SRSVs are not yet available, so management primarily focuses on supportive care and symptom relief for affected individuals.
